Mercury methylation in the hypolimnetic waters of lakes with and without connection to wetlands in northern Wisconsin

نویسندگان

  • C. S. Eckley
  • C. J. Watras
  • H. Hintelmann
  • K. Morrison
  • O. Regnell
چکیده

Rates of Hg methylation and demethylation were measured in anoxic hypolimnetic waters of two pristine Wisconsin lakes using stable isotopes of Hg as tracers. One of the lakes is a clear-water seepage lake situated in sandy terrain with minimal wetland influence. The other is a dark-water lake receiving channelized inputs from a relatively large terrestrial wetland. Methyl mercury (MeHg) accumulated in the anoxic hypolimnia of both lakes during summer stratification, reaching concentrations of 0.8 ng·L–1 in the clear-water lake and 5 ng·L–1 in the dark-water lake. The stable isotopic assays indicated that rate constants of Hg(II) methylation (Km) ranged from 0.01 to 0.04·day –1 in the clearwater lake and from 0.01 to 0.09·day–1 in the dark-water lake, depending on the depth stratum. On average, Km was threefold greater in the dark-water lake. Hypolimnetic demethylation rate constants (Kdm) averaged 0.03·day –1 in the clear-water lake and 0.05·day–1 in the dark-water lake. These methylation rates were sufficient to account for the observed accumulation of MeHg in hypolimnetic water during summer in both lakes. Despite substantial export of MeHg from the wetland to the dark-water lake, our study indicates that in-lake production and decomposition of MeHg dominated the MeHg cycle in both lakes. Résumé : L’utilisation des isotopes stables de mercure comme traceurs nous a servi à mesurer les taux de méthylation et de déméthylation de Hg dans les eaux anoxiques de l’hyplimnion de deux lacs non perturbés du Wisconsin. Un des lacs est un lac à eau claire alimenté par le ruissellement et situé sur un terrain sablonneux avec peu d’influence des terres humides. L’autre est un lac à eau foncée qui reçoit des apports par canalisations provenant d’une grande région de terres humides terrestres. Le méthylmercure s’accumule dans l’hypolimnion anoxique des deux lacs durant l’été, pour atteindre des concentrations de 0,8 ng·L–1 dans le lac à eau claire et 5 ng·L–1 dans le lac à eau foncée. Les dosages d’isotopes stables indiquent que les constantes des taux de méthylation de Hg(II) (Km) varient de 0,01 à 0,04·jour –1 dans le lac à eau claire et de 0,01 à 0,09·jour–1 dans le lac à eau foncée, en fonction de la profondeur. En moyenne, Km est trois fois plus élevé dans le lac à eau foncée. Les constantes du taux de déméthylation (Kdm) dans l’hypolimnion sont en moyenne de 0,03 jour–1 dans le lac à eau claire et de 0,05 jour–1 dans le lac à eau foncée. Ces taux de méthylation suffisent à expliquer l’accumulation observée de MeHg dans les eaux de l’hypolimnion au cours de l’été dans les deux lacs. Malgré une importante exportation de MeHg des terres humides vers le lac à eau foncée, notre étude indique que la production et la décomposition de MeHg dans le lac lui-même dominent le cycle de MeHg

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تاریخ انتشار 2005